Lab 2a Dissecting a Cell and Examining Its Components
Purpose- What are positive indicators tests for proteins, carbohydrates, and fats? Do parts of an egg test positive for protein, carbohydrate, and/or fat?
Materials:
Procedure
Part 1, Separating Cell Structures:
Part 2, Testing Standard Solutions:
Monosaccharide Indicator Standard Test
Starch Indicator Standard Test
Protein Indicator Standard Test
Lipid Indicator Standard Test
Part 3, Molecular Composition of Egg Components:
Test for egg components- Monosaccharides, Starch, Protein, and Lipid
Data/Results
Part 1:CaCO3 + CH3COOH -> H2CO3 + H2O + CO2 ]
Day 1: Put egg in vinegar in a beaker
Day 2: Shell of egg was disolved, NaCl + H2O H->L, NaCl- was used for the inside of the egg, H2O- used for outside of egg.
Day 3: Put into H2O, H->L, H2O to cutting open the membrane. When cut the egg bigger busted open.
Part 2: Testing Standard Solution Data Table
Materials:
- Eggs
- Beaker, 250 mL
- White Vinegar
- Plastic Wrap
- Slotted Spoon
- Sodium Chloride
- Distilled Water
- Beaker 100 mL
- Pipets, 5 mL
- Pipet Pump, Green
- Tubes, Glass, 13x100 mm
- Peg Racks for 13x100 mm Tubes
- Glucose (Dextrose)
- Benedict's Solution
- Hot Plate Stirrer
- Test Tube Holder
- Starch, Soluble
- Lugol's Iodine Solution
- Vortex Mixer
- Gelatin
- Sodium Hydroxide
- Cupric Sulfate 5-Hydrate
- Oil
- Sudan IV Solution
- Scalpel Handles, #4
- Scalpel Blades, #22 for #4 Handles
- Trays, Plastic
Procedure
Part 1, Separating Cell Structures:
- Into a beaker of white vinegar, set the uncooked egg in it. Put plastic wrap on it and label it. You should let it sit and let the shell dissolve for 24 to 48 hours.
- After you have waited, the shell will be dissolved from the vinegar. Carefully remove the egg from the vinegar using a slotted spoon and rinse the egg to get rid of the vinegar. There was a chemical reaction that happened.
- There is an outer membrane to the cell which is not the same that is around the yolk, which is a good model of a cell membrane. Feel it. It is not this and not stiff. Some substances the membrane is permeable to. Lay the egg in a beaker of 5% NaCl solution for 24 hours to see how the membrane can have water enter and leave. Tell the appearance after the egg has sat for 24 hours.
- The Egg needs to be rinsed again. For the nest 24 hours place the egg in a beaker with distilled water. What does the egg look like now?
- Carefully slice open the egg's membrane to get the egg cell, while letting the egg white go through the slotted spoon into a 100-mL beaker. Be careful and try your best to not break the egg yolk.
- Place each the egg yolk and egg membranes into separate beakers.
Part 2, Testing Standard Solutions:
Monosaccharide Indicator Standard Test
- Mix 2mL of 2% glucose and 2mL Benedict's sultion in a test tube and warm up 2 mins in boiling water of 100mL in 250mL beaker, tell each color that shows.
- Mix 2mL deionized water and 2mL Benedict's solution in a test tube and warm up 2 mins in the same amount of boiling water, tell these color changes.
Starch Indicator Standard Test
- Mix gently 2mL well-mixed starch suspension and 0.25mL Lugol's iodine, tell the color changes. DO NOT HEAT.
- Mix gently 2mL deionized water and 0.25mL Lugol's iodine. tell the colors. DO NOT HEAT.
Protein Indicator Standard Test
- In a test tube, put 2mL of gelatin and put in 0.5mL of 10% NaOH and carefully vortex mix, mix 0.25mL of 5% copper sulfate, mix thoroughly, and record colors.
- In a test tube, put 2mL deionized water and mix 0.5mL 10% NaOH, then mix well 0.25mL of 5% CuSO4(copper sulfate), record colors
Lipid Indicator Standard Test
- On a brown paper bag place a drop of oil and dry for 10 mins, hold up to light and record light amount through.
- On a brown paper bag place a drop of water and dry for 10 mins, hold up to light and record light passing through.
Part 3, Molecular Composition of Egg Components:
Test for egg components- Monosaccharides, Starch, Protein, and Lipid
- Do all the steps in Part 2, but test egg components sugar, starch, protein, or fat. Make sure to not use any of the standard solutions.
- Record all the color changes.
- Instead of doing the paper bag test, use sudan with the 2mL of the egg and mix. If it is red it is negative lipid test and orange is positive lipid test.
Data/Results
Part 1:CaCO3 + CH3COOH -> H2CO3 + H2O + CO2 ]
Day 1: Put egg in vinegar in a beaker
Day 2: Shell of egg was disolved, NaCl + H2O H->L, NaCl- was used for the inside of the egg, H2O- used for outside of egg.
Day 3: Put into H2O, H->L, H2O to cutting open the membrane. When cut the egg bigger busted open.
Part 2: Testing Standard Solution Data Table
Part 3: Standard Indicator Reaction Table
Data Analysis/Conclusion:
The positive indicator test for proteins carbohydrates and fats are conducted by making comparing solutions with and without control. During each of the different tests we recorded the changes in each experiment to find out the outcome. During these experiments my partner and I we tested for positive and negative in fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Once we had done both experiments with the solutions and egg parts, we were able to figure out the outcome. The experiments were not always very clear. Most of the egg experiments were harder to tell the outcome because they did not react that well with the solutions. The yoke turned the solutions more yellow and mucky, the egg whites changed to the color of the solutions just a little different, and the egg membrane turned the color it was mixed or heated with.
There was a lot of errors that could have been fixed to get a more accurate outcome. If we had had more time to careful do each step it would not have been so rushed and sloppy. Also, if the pipets had been more clearly labeled and separated to the different solutions, it would not have been so messy. Another way we could have stretched our research with other tests is to have tested the different egg parts together to see how they react if they are combined.
Reflection:
I really enjoyed doing this lab. I thought it was very interesting to see how the egg had the membrane still attached after the vinegar and salt water. Even though it was gooey and somewhat gross, I still liked it. I liked when we saw the solutions in the test tube change because it did not take them long to react to one another. It was a very interesting and new type of lab I have never done. My partner, Gabriella and I collaborated very well. We distributed the work so that we could manage our time and work efficiently. I really enjoyed working with her. Although I thought we worked well, there was things we could have done better at. We were not always the neatest and well put together. We could have kept our things more straightened up more and I know I will work on this. I am looking forward to the next lab because I know it will be interesting just like this one.
The positive indicator test for proteins carbohydrates and fats are conducted by making comparing solutions with and without control. During each of the different tests we recorded the changes in each experiment to find out the outcome. During these experiments my partner and I we tested for positive and negative in fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Once we had done both experiments with the solutions and egg parts, we were able to figure out the outcome. The experiments were not always very clear. Most of the egg experiments were harder to tell the outcome because they did not react that well with the solutions. The yoke turned the solutions more yellow and mucky, the egg whites changed to the color of the solutions just a little different, and the egg membrane turned the color it was mixed or heated with.
There was a lot of errors that could have been fixed to get a more accurate outcome. If we had had more time to careful do each step it would not have been so rushed and sloppy. Also, if the pipets had been more clearly labeled and separated to the different solutions, it would not have been so messy. Another way we could have stretched our research with other tests is to have tested the different egg parts together to see how they react if they are combined.
Reflection:
I really enjoyed doing this lab. I thought it was very interesting to see how the egg had the membrane still attached after the vinegar and salt water. Even though it was gooey and somewhat gross, I still liked it. I liked when we saw the solutions in the test tube change because it did not take them long to react to one another. It was a very interesting and new type of lab I have never done. My partner, Gabriella and I collaborated very well. We distributed the work so that we could manage our time and work efficiently. I really enjoyed working with her. Although I thought we worked well, there was things we could have done better at. We were not always the neatest and well put together. We could have kept our things more straightened up more and I know I will work on this. I am looking forward to the next lab because I know it will be interesting just like this one.